Filter



Dec. l5, 1931. .A. s. HARRINGTQN 1,836,920

. FILTER4 Filed Feb. vs. 1929 3 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Feb. 8, 1929 71 i5 duct 1 m11 'Defl- 15, 1931. A. s. HARRINGTON 1,836,920

FILTER Filed Feb. 8, 1929 3 Sheets-sheet s i l al Z7 f .i 4] 3 /7' lgs u l l t? L/ x f L j 9i I r f L r -ZS dilo: "un,

Patented nec.7 15 1931 S EABRING'TON, SGF Umd, NEBRASKA FILTER nppueeum mea February s, 192e., semi no. saam.

rlhis invention relates to improvements inA filters of the type in. which centrifugal force is utilized as supplementing means for increasing the rateA of linx through the filter.

Among the objects in view is the effective filtering and treating or processing of uids and liquidsfor cleansing the same or changi similar to Figure 1 of the drumdetached ing the bacterial or chemical content thereof, whether dust-charged air, chimney or .other gases, or water, sewage, oil, syrup, in-

dustrial wastes, or other fiulds or liquids.

A more detailed object is the supplementing of the fluid pressure head by centrifugal force while elimmating undue turbulence.

A. further object in View is the`delivery of the fluid to be filtered along a path at an angle tothe direct line of approach of such fluid to and lthrough the filter while, largely obviating agitation of they fluid or movement thereof in a direction different from the direction of advance through the filter.

A still further object in View is the maintenance of a quiescent area of fluid to be filtered between the filter and the influent stream. K l

In greater detail, an object of the invention is the provision of means effective for fiitering purposes and adapted to enable reverse flow and washing jet cleansing.;

With these and further objects in view, as will in part hereinafter become apparent and in part he' stated, the invention comprises certain novel constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts as subsequently specified and claimed.

In the accompanyingl drawings,-

Figure 1 is 'a vert1cal, centralr section ,through an apparatus embodying the' features of the present invention, a fragment of the filter drumV being seen in elevation.

` Figure 2 is a view inside elevation of the parts seen inl Figure 1. l l` Figure 3 is an enlarged, detailed, {transdrum.

Figure 4 is a detailed, fragmentary section and with the filter filler or bed omitted, the

parts being shown on a scale enlarged relais1 tive the scale of Figure 1 but reduced with respect te the scale o Figure 3.

vFigure 5 is a sectional elevation taken on l the planes indicated by line 5-5 of Figure 4:, and looking in the `direction indicated by the arrow.

Figure 6 is a dissembled view of the hub and spoke section and central cylinder detached, the parts being seen 0n substantially the scale of Figure 3.

vFigure 7 is an end view of the' said spoke section detached.y i

AFigure 8 is an enlarged, detailed, sectional view through one of the labyrinth glands.

Figure 9 is a longitudinal, vertical, central section through a slightly modified embodiment, the drive shaft being seen in eleva tion.

Figures 10 and 11 arel views similar, respectively, to Figures 1 and 2 of 'afurther modified embodiment.

Figure 12 is a view similar to the righthand portion of Figure 1 of a further modified embodiment.

Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 3 of the parts seen in Figure' 12 on a slightly enlar ed scale. Y L

Re erring to the drawin' byv numerals, 1 indicates a base with whic thelower half of the filter housing 2 is preferably cast integrai andnished to detachably receive the upper half 3 of the housing." -The two halves or. lectionsl of housing are preferably marginaliy fian'ged and boltedvtogether, as seen in Figure 2. l y

The housing is formed at eae'hend with an influent space 18 with each Of which com-` municates the respective influent port 19, as een in Figure v2, and the casting making up the section 2 vis sufliciently larger than the contained filter drum to leave an eiiiuent space at `the lower part ofthe casting, indicated at 2Q in Figure 1, which communicates with source of power, vnot illustrated.

adischarge or efiiuent port 21, Aas seen in verse-axial section 'of a fragment of the filter F Mounted on the shaft 5 near the respective ends of the housing, and preferably keyed thereto, are hub sections, one of which is seen in detail in Figures 6 and 7, and each of which is provided with a hub 7 keyed at 7c to the shaft. Each of said hub sections cony sists of an outer ring 7d and an inner, concentrically-arranged ring 7c connected to the outer ring by short radial spokes 22 while the inner ring 7e is connected by 'fan blade or impeller blade spokes 16 to the hub 7 Each hub section is arranged with its respective outer ring 7d mounted within and snugly fitting an annular boss or axiallyextending flange 10 on the res ective drum head 8 or the lterin drum. ach ring 7d is preferably provi ed with apertures 7 f registering with corresponding apertures 10] in the respective flange 10. Connecting bolts or other securing pins are arranged to extend through the apertures "If and -10 to secure the arts in the operatively assem led relation. ach end section has its impeller blades l'notched at 160 for purposes hereinafter specied. v

Each boss or iange 10 is formed in its outer surface preferably with a series of encircling ribs and grooves cooperating with opposing and interlacing ribs and grooves on an annular :flange 9 preferably cast integral with the' respective end of the surrounding housing. The labyrinth formed by the grooves and ribs of the parts 9 and 10 offers an obstructing path against leakage. When desired, to aord greater insurance against leakage, ableeder tube 29 may'deliver treated fluid through port 12 lto the s ace 11 between the parts 9 and 10 under su cient pressure to cause the intrickling liquid to take the courses indicated by the arrows in Fi re 8, and thus prevent leakage pastthe thus ormedv labyrinthl gland in either direction.

The notches 16o of the respective hub and spoke sections are arranged and adapted to receive the corresponding ends` of an inner foraminous cylinder 13. The openings the cylinder 13 may, of course, be of any desired shape, but are preferablyelongated to. form slots lli of a size not intended for iilter- Y ing or screening purposes, the cylinder functioning essentially to reduce vor eliminate agitation. The cylinder 13, when its ends are seated in notches 16o, is located concentrically with shaft 5. i

The cylinder heads 8 are connected by and preferably formed integral with' longitudinal beams 23, which beams are preferably of the commercial T-shape, but may be'otherwise shaped, and may also be otherwise connected to the drum heads 8. Extending inwardly from each drum head 8, preferably as an endwise extension of boss 10, is a flange 10c, Figure fi, to which is preferably detachably xed a filter bed retaining screen 26. The screen 26 is adapted to bevariable in forma- Lacasse parts are being assembled. The lter bed retaining screen 26 is spaced outward fromv the cylinder 13, as best seen in Fi re 1, leaving therebetween a cylindrical qulet area or space 17. This space is continuous endwise of the space between the respective rings 7e and 7d and communicates directly with the influent source comprised of the res ective inuent space 18 at the correspon ing end of the filter; The structures of thelter ends being duplicates, a specific description of one only is necessary.

Preferably detachably bolted to the outer surfaces of the T-beams 23 are the segmental plates of the lter bed retaining screen or grid 24, the plates being secured by bolts 25 engaging the respective flanges of the beams 23. .The screen or grid 24 1s appropriately spaced .from the screen 26, and a filtering and/or processing media is interposed between the two. The media is, of course, as a matter of convenience of assemblage, introduced before the grid segments 24 are applied. rPhe interposed filter bed may be of screening, of woven fiber, or of comminuted filtering material, such as sand, fullers earth, zeolite, barytes, or other appropriate filtering or treating material forming the'bed 27. The filtering lor treating bed 27 vmay also, be formed of previously cast porous materials, such as sil-e-cel-silica-jell-magnesia blocks or other porous materials. Since the foraminous cylinders or screens 24 and 26 and their end connections act as a unit in carrying the filter bed 27 said screen and end connections constitute a filter drum.

During operation, the iiuid. to be lfiltered is delivered through the intake ports 19 and the intake spaces 18 into the open ends of the quietin cylinder `13.` A srnall amount may also fL its way between rings 7e and 7d into the space 17, but the amount willbe neglible, and, but for the action of cleansing ets hereinafter mentioned, the rings 7e and d might well be connected by a continuous web in lieu 'of spokes 22. During the supplying of* the fluid to the filter, shaft 5 is rotated at a rate snfcient to add centrifugal force to theuid head under which the fluid approaches the filter, y The revolution of the parts causes the blades 16 to add an impellng force to the incoming fluid tending to cause `mest or all of the flow toward and into the let Ithereircln essentially only in bein supported by a substantial metallic frame.

or screen when desired. The fluid advancing through the filter bed passes out through the grid 24 and finds it way to the lower portion of the casing 2, and thence to and through the discharge ports 2l. This filtering or treating action is continued as required until slowed 4down objectionably by deposits on the ,inner surface of screen 26 or within the inner areas of the bed 27. When this occurs, the supply of filtered discharge through the eiiiuent port 2l is cut oli', and a supply of water or other cleansing fluid is directed in a reverse direction throu h the port 2l. The iniiow ports 19 are cut o from the influent supply and connected to the discharge to allow the reverse current flowing into the outer portion of the casing 2-3 to pass through the filter bed and out throughthe normal intake openings 18and normal inake ports 19. This reverse `low is continued until lthe parts are thoroughly cleansed. v

To facilitate cleansing, the outer surface of the cylinder 13 and the inner vsurface of the "screen 26 may be scoured by jets ci cleansing fluid projected through nozzles 28 supplie at requisite pressure through supply pipes 29. The jets 28fmay be operated with the `iilter otherwise quiescent and no inuent or effluent therefrom save from said jets, or the jets may be caused to operate during thereverse cleansing current operation to increase the internal agitation and thus release lodged solids. When the cleansing operation as been completed, the ports 19 are again connected with the fluid su ply, and-portl21 again connected with the p ace of discharge or delivery of littered-or treated fluid. D

In Figure '9 is illustrated an embodiment of the same invention as just set forth, varying a single end filter instead of a double. end lter;'that is to say, being provided with an nluent port at one end only and an ellluent port at the `other instead of having. `the iniluent at both ends and the euent 4from the middle.; The forni seen in Figure 9v is preferable forinany purposes from a commercial viewpoint, but, of course, is not capable of as .rapidly handling as large bulk of material to' be ltered 65, as is the form seen in Figure 1'.`

In greater detail, the structure seen- Fig- V]ets from nozzles 28', 28.

ure 9 comprehends the base 1, casing sections 2 and 3, and driving shaft 5 journaled in the bearings 4 forming a part of the base l and casing 2. Drum head 8 at the right, is keyed, at 7', through an appropriate hub and spoke section to the shaft 5. Drum heads 8 carry thequietin or direction changing cylinder 13 and the drum screens 26 and 24 spaced to accommodate the interposed filter bed 27. Beams 23 similar in structure and function to beams 23 are employed. The cylinder 13 is provided with slots 14 proportioned to allow-ready flow of Huid therethrough,'and not intended to serve as a lilter but only to eiiect the change of direction of the flow from portions of iuid surrounding I the drive shaft to the column of fluid in the quieting area 17 between the cylinder 13 vand screen 26. The drum head 8' at the left,

as seen in Figure 4, is keyed directly to and revolves with the drive shaft 5', and is spaced from the adjacent ,end of the housing 2', 13. Drum head 8 at the right isprovided with the labyrinth gland formed between itself and the surrounding 'lian e9 ofthe enclosing casing. The hub and spo e election of the lastmentioned head. 8 includes the usual inner and outer rings and their short spokes, and also the hub and interposedfan blades `16. The housing or enclosing casing for the filter drum is provided at one end with an influent space 18 and at the opposite end with the eliluent space 20 communicating respectively with the influent and eliluent pipes or ports similar to those above described with respect I to Figure 2. v

' The operation is substantially the same as that above described with 'the exception 'that the material being` filtered i or otherwise treated enters from one end only and discharges from the other end., Penetration of centrifugal force incident to revolutionof the lilter bed; and the lower casing 2 is preferably inclinedslightly to edect drainage to the effluent space 20. Cleansing is edected by the reverse action, as above described, supolemented when and as desired by-cleansing In Figures l() and l1 is illustratedla structure similar to that'seen in Figure 9, and diering therefrom essentially and chiefly in the vertical disposition of the axis of rota.-

tion instead of horizontal, and thefeatures incident tosuch disposition. A' suitable framework or base la supports a housing or casing 2a'on which is superimposed the-upper section 3a. Vertically disposed journal bearings 34,34 are sustained, respectively, by the base la and bottom portion of casing 2a, in which bearings is journaled the drive shaft 35 having the power hook-up Harige 6a. To the upper end of the shaft 35 and resting "thereon is Xed the head 36 of the filtering drum whose opposite head 37 1s lixed to the non.

filtering screens or-grids 43 and 44 having interposed therebetween the filter or treating 'bed 47. The head 37 is preferably provided with an upwardly extending annular flange or boss 45 having a labyrinth gland cooperating with the horizontal division plate 46 of the lower or main casing 2a to guard against space 48, and the head 36 preferably carries impeller blades 49, functioning by centrifugal force to tend to discharge fluid from the space 38 through the efliuent ports 50, 50. Ports 51., 51 are provided in the upper section 3a communicating with the space 41 inclosed by section 3a, but ports 51 are normally closed, and are opened only when a reverse cleansing action is taking place. Supply pipe 39 snugly fits and extends through a cover plate 39 detachably fixed to the topv of section 3a, and closing the opening in said top. Reverse cleansing in this embodiment does not require reverse fiow in pipe 39 which is merely shut olf during the cleansing action or used to take the place of the cleansing jets of the other embodiments.

The operation of the structure seen in Figures 10 and 11 is not widely or materially different .from that above described, and includes introduction of the fluid to be filtei-ed through supply pipe 39 within slotted cylinder 40, and from the same through the filter drurn, including screen or grid 45, bed 47, and vscreen or grid 44. The advance of the filtering .fiuid is enhanced by the cen-v trifugal force. During regular operation, cover plate 39 may be removed for Watching filtering action; but is to be replaced forthe reverse or cleansing action.

In Figures 12 and 13 is illustrated va still further embodiment which ma be looked upon for purposes ofthe appen ed claims as' the preferred embodiment, since it involves 1 substantially the same features as Figures 1 and 9 with the added feature of an interposed quieting area between spaced treating units or filter beds. u The structure in detail includes the lower section 2 and upperr section 3 of the enclosing casing, in-which is mounted the filter drumfixed to and driven by ower shaft 5f having the power hookup ange 6". The usual drum heads 8" are provided and are connected by T-beams, similar to beams 23, which support spaced cylindrical screens or grids 26 and 30 having a filter bed or other treating unit 32 interposed therebetween, and which further support cylindrical screens or grids 53 and 24 with the filter bed or other treating unit 33 interposed therebetween, a quietin space or annular chamber 31 being arrange between the grid 30 and grid 53. Each of the several grids 26, 30, 53, and 24" is substantially the same in detailed construction and mounting (except for possible variations in gauge) as the detailed features shown and described with respect to rids 26 and 24 of Figure 3. When the em odiment of Figures 12 and 13 is incorporated in a single end filter type or a vertical t e, onl one of the drum heads 8 is provided Wit the annular boss 10 cooperatlng with the part 9 of the casin to provide the labyrinth gland correspon ing with the labyrinth gland seen in Figure 8, but, of course, when the structure seen in Figures 12 and 13 is of the double end type, as shown in Figure 1, two of the labyrinth glands will be employed. The hub and spoke section in the embodiment of Figures 12 and 13 varies only in detail from that above described and includes the short spokes 22" and the impeller blades 16 having a hub keyed to the drive shaft 5". Mounted within the space surrounded by the rid 26 and disposed concentric to said grid and to the shaft 5 is the quieting cylinder 13" having the slots 14 for the free lateral flowing of fluid. The cylinder 13" is spaced from the grid 26" to provide the quieting area 17 which is open at its end to communicatedirectly with the infiuent space 18" as is also the end of the cylinder 13.

The structure just described, as Yseen in .Figures 12 and 13, functions largely as described wit-h respect to Figure 4, except that the bed 32 is preferably of coarser material than the bed 33,`and the quieting area,l 31 affords additional opportunity for insurance against longitudinal surging of fluid, and, therefore, insures radial advance both under the fluid pressure head and the centrifugal force to increase the rate of filtering action without sacrificing effectiveness thereof.

The cleansing action in the operation of the structureseen in `Figures 12 and 13 is obtained by the reverse current, as set forth in the operation of the abovedescribed structures. The cleansin action is also preferably supplementedl y cleansing jets from appropriate nozzles 54 similar in construction and "functionfto those previously described.

vWhat is claimed is:

1. The combination, with a housing, of a filter drum rotatably mounted therein', a filter bed carried by the drum, means for rotating the drum and filter bed, a supply intake for fiuid to be filtered, and means for providing a'quiet area between the supply intake and the filter bed, while maintainlng passa e of liquid therethrough under centrlfu al orce.

2.- The combination, with a housing, of a y area.

ill)

lassenso livering fluid to the drum along a path substantially parallel yto the axis of rotation of the drum, means for changingvthe direction ofmovement of the duid to be'filtered to cause the' fluid `to approach the drum radially, and means providing a quiet area-between the filter bed and the direction changing means. v

4. The combination, with a housing, of a drum rotatably mounted therein, a cylinder co-aXial with the'druin and formed with openings for enabling passage of fluid to be filtered through the cylinder to the drum in a direction substantially radially of the drum, means for delivering fluid to be filtered to the cylinder, the cylinder and drum` being spaced to provide an interposed quieting area, and means for delivering fluidv si-l multaneouly to the cylinder and said quieting area.,

5. The combination, with a housing, ,of a drum rotatably mounted therein, a cylinder co-axial 1with the drum and vformed with openings for enabling passage of fluid to be filtered through thefcylinder to the druni'in a direction substantially radially of the drum, means for'delivering fluid to be filtered to the cylinder, the cylinder and drum being spaced to provide an interposed quieting area, means for delivering fluid simultaneously to the cylinder and said quieting area, and means for subjecting the fluid being delivered to the cylinder to an advancing stress additional to the advancing stress of the fluid delivered directly tothe quieting fl. The combination, with a housing, of a y filter drum rotatably mounted therein, a cylluder Within said drum spaced therefrom and having radial discharging openings, and means Afor delivering fluid to be filtered to said cylinder and to the` space between the cylinder and the drum.

7. The combination, with a' housing, of a lter drum rotatably mounted therein, a cylinder within said drum spaced therefrom and having radial discharging openings, and means for delivering fluid endvvisev into the drum and simultaneously delivering fluid to be filtered into the space between the drum and cylinder;` Y

8. The combination, with a housing, of a filter drum rotatably mounted therein, a cylinder concentric -to and within and spaced from the filter drum, means for delivering fluid to be ltered endwise to said cylinder and to the space between said cylinder and drum, the rcylinder being foraminous, and impeller blades arranged substantially at the intake end of the cylinder to rotate with the filter drum and increase the advancing stress of the fluid entering the cylinder.

9. The combinatmn, with a housing, of' a filter drum rotatably mounted therein, means for delivering fluid to the filter drum spaced therefrom to provide a quieting area between said 'delivering means and drum, and means for delivering cleansing jets to the drum within said quieting area.

l0 In a centrifugal filter the combination of a filter drum rotatably' mounted, a filter bed carried thereby, a second cylindrical filter 'bed concentric with'and spaced from the first filter bed to forno. an open space therebetween comprising a non-turbulent area, and means housing said drum and filter beds and having an intake for fluid to the influent surface of one of the lter beds and an exhaust for fluid from the eflluent surface of the other, the drum being sealed about those areas corresponding to the ends of said space between the beds.

l1.v The combination of a filter drum rotatably mounted, a filter bed carried thereby, a second cylindrical filter bed concentric with and spaced from the first filter bed, and means housing said drum and filter beds and having an intake for fluid to the influent surface of one of theV filter beds and an exhaust for fluid from thed effluent surface of the other, said drum having means for preventing escape of fluid from the spacebetween the filter beds except through one of the filter beds, the space between the filter beds being adapted to serve as a quiet areaand means for providing a quiet area between the in- A take of the housing and. the influent surface of the second-mentioned filter bed lfn testimony whereof l a-X my signature.

ARTHUR S. HARRNGTN.. 

